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華慧考博:考博英語選詞填空解題技巧以及解題步驟
常規(guī)完形填空是大部分考博院校的必考題型，大部分考生對(duì)于常規(guī)完型并不陌生，因?yàn)閺某踔虚_始我們就開始接觸這一類題型。但是對(duì)于非常規(guī)完型，尤其是選詞填空這一題型確實(shí)是很多考生的一大難題，尤其是近年來很多院校慢慢地把選詞填空這一題型加入英語考試的考察中，比如上海交通大學(xué)等。選詞完型題型主要是測試考生對(duì)語篇的整體理解能力以及實(shí)際運(yùn)用語言的能力。它需要考生綜合考慮短文的內(nèi)容安排、結(jié)構(gòu)組織、內(nèi)在邏輯以及語言特色，主要測試內(nèi)容為詞匯辨析、習(xí)慣用法、固定搭配、語法結(jié)構(gòu)、邏輯推理等方面的知識(shí)和運(yùn)用能力。
選詞填空題型特征：文章通常留有15個(gè)空白格，然后在文章前面附上15個(gè)單詞，然后要求考生從中選擇15個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~及其形式填入空白處，且很多時(shí)候需要將填入的單詞根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)進(jìn)行正確變形。詞性的轉(zhuǎn)化是很多考生對(duì)于這一類題型無從下手并嚴(yán)重失分的重要原因。
針對(duì)這一類題型，其解題步驟總體來說分為三步：確定詞、確定詞性、確定詞形。
- 讀備選單詞。解讀備選單詞并確定其可能詞性，不需要知道所有的詞性以及意思，但是我們要做到心中有數(shù)�？疾┯⒄Z中通常考察的還是單詞常用意思以及相關(guān)詞性的變化，或者在解讀備選單詞過程中，發(fā)現(xiàn)很多時(shí)候會(huì)出現(xiàn)同義詞。對(duì)于單詞的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換，基本上都是形容詞副詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換，或者動(dòng)詞改為過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞形式等。
- 細(xì)讀文章。從頭至尾逐句細(xì)讀文章，注意前后文邏輯關(guān)系，先完成能在第一遍讀文章時(shí)就可以做出來的題目。主要根據(jù)單詞意思做答案，但要注意詞性的轉(zhuǎn)換。
- 文章選讀。在第一遍解讀完之后，對(duì)于一些不能做出來的題目，再一次仔細(xì)精讀確定答案。這時(shí)候可以根據(jù)前后文進(jìn)行仔細(xì)精讀，做出判斷選出最后的答案。
- 通讀全文。所有答案做出來之后，通讀全文，進(jìn)行最后一步的檢查，避免粗心做錯(cuò)題目。這一步要整體把握文章，注意文章意思是否連貫、句子是否流暢、邏輯關(guān)系是否合理。
A) conform B) eccentric C) environmentalist
D) expeditions E) impact F) notion
G) organic H) originally I) recognition
J) respond K) subordinate L) suppressing
M) throne N) unnatural O) urge
His future subjects have not always treated the Prince of Wales with the respect one might expect. They laughed in 1986 when the heir to the British __36__ told a TV reporter that he talked to his plants at his country house, Highgrove, to stimulate their growth. The Prince was being humorous — "My sense of humor will get me into trouble one day," he has confided to aides(隨從) — but listening to Charles Windsor can indeed prove stimulating. The royal __37__ has been promoting radical ideas for most of his adult life. Some of his __38__. which once sounded a bit weird, were simply ahead of their time. Now, finally, the world seems to be catching up with him.
Take his views on farming. Prince Charles' Duchy Home Farm went __39__ back in 1986, when most shoppers cared only about the low price tag on suspiciously blemish-free (無瑕疵的) vegetables and __40__ large chickens piled high in supermarkets.
His warnings on climate change proved farsighted, too. Charles began __41__ action on global warming in 1990 and says he's been worried about the __42__ of man on the environment since he was a teenager.
Although he has gradually gained international __43__ as one of the world's leading conservationists, many British people still think of him as a __44__ person who talks to plants. This year, as it happens, South Korean scientists proved that plants really do __45__ to sound. So Charles was ahead of the game there, too.
第一步，首先掃讀備選單詞，做到對(duì)這些單詞心中有數(shù)，如看到A) conform，要知道它的詞性以及意思：vi/vt/ adj遵守；再如N) unnatural： adj不自然的，unnaturally adv，natural 自然的。掃讀完所有備選單詞之后，開始讀文章。這里要注意盡量往空格后多一句解讀，如They laughed in 1986 when the heir to the British __36__ told a TV reporter that he talked to his plants at his country house, Highgrove, to stimulate their growth. The Prince was being humorous — “My sense of humor will get me into trouble one day”，即：1986年，當(dāng)這位英國繼承人告訴一位電視記者，他與他鄉(xiāng)村別墅海格羅夫的植物交談以刺激它們的生長時(shí)，他們笑了。王子很幽默——“我的幽默感總有一天會(huì)讓我陷入麻煩，”讀完這句話我們可以在心理判斷出此處需要一個(gè)名詞，根據(jù)heir繼承人可以推斷出只有M) throne“寶座”符合答案。依次往后，不確定的可以先跳過，等做到最后再回過頭通讀全文，進(jìn)行個(gè)別答案的補(bǔ)充。
【參考答案】
36. throne 37. environmentalist 38. notions 39. organic
40. unnaturally 41. urging 42. impact 43. recognition
44. eccentric 45. respond
除了解題步驟，我們還要注意這一類題型的解題技巧：
針對(duì)選詞填空，文章是15個(gè)空，同時(shí)給出了15個(gè)詞。因此在做題過程中最好不要做一個(gè)就排除一個(gè)，除非我們對(duì)這個(gè)答案百分百有把握，否則的話很容易做錯(cuò)一連串。此外也不建議考生在讀備選的時(shí)候把每一個(gè)單詞的意思寫在邊上，考慮到詞匯的意思比較多，這樣很可能浪費(fèi)不必要的時(shí)間。
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